Malic acid is an organic compound commonly found in fruits such as apples, grapes, and cherries. It is a type of alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) and has a sour taste, often contributing to the tartness in fruits. Malic acid is used in various applications, including cosmetics, skincare, food, and beverages, due to its exfoliating, chelating, and flavor-enhancing properties.
Characteristics of Malic Acid
- Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
- Appearance: White crystalline powder
- Odor: Odorless
- Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
- Source: Naturally found in fruits; can be synthetically produced
Benefits of Malic Acid
- Exfoliating Properties: Malic acid, as an alpha-hydroxy acid, can gently exfoliate the skin, removing dead skin cells and promoting cell turnover.
- pH Adjustment: It is used to adjust pH levels in cosmetics and skincare products.
- Chelating Agent: Malic acid can bind to metal ions, which helps stabilize products and prevent oxidation.
- Flavor Enhancer: In food and beverages, malic acid adds a tart, fruity flavor and balances sweetness.
- Moisturizing: It may help to improve skin hydration and smoothness.
Common Uses of Malic Acid
Skincare Products
Malic acid is used in skincare products for its exfoliating and moisturizing properties. Common applications and recommended usage percentages include:
- Face Cleansers: To exfoliate the skin and remove dead skin cells, typically used at 0.5–5%.
- Chemical Peels: As part of an AHA blend to promote cell turnover and rejuvenate the skin.
- Anti-Aging Products: To improve skin texture and reduce signs of aging.
Food and Beverages
Malic acid is widely used in the food and beverage industry for its flavor-enhancing properties. Common applications include:
- Sour Candies and Snacks: To provide a tart flavor and enhance taste.
- Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices: To add a sour note and balance sweetness.
- Preserves and Jams: To adjust acidity and improve flavor.
Product Specifications
- Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
- CAS No: 6915-15-7
- Product Type: Organic acid
- Usage: Skincare, food, beverages
- Purity: Typically 95–99%
- Shelf Life: 2 years or more, depending on storage conditions
Storage and Handling
Store malic acid in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Keep it away from direct sunlight and heat to maintain its quality and stability.