Acids

Pyruvic acid is an organic acid that plays a key role in cellular metabolism, particularly in glycolysis, where it is produced from glucose. It is a three-carbon compound with the chemical formula C3H4O3, known for its role as an intermediate in several metabolic pathways. Pyruvic acid has applications in cosmetics, skincare, and even pharmaceuticals, often utilized for its exfoliating and skin-renewing properties.

Characteristics of Pyruvic Acid

• Chemical Formula: C3H4O3
• Appearance: Colorless liquid or solid at lower temperatures
• Odor: Pungent, similar to vinegar
• Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
• Source: Found in natural sources like honey and wine, and can be synthetically produced

Benefits of Pyruvic Acid

• Exfoliating Properties: Pyruvic acid has exfoliating effects, helping to remove dead skin cells and promote skin renewal.
• Acne Treatment: It is sometimes used in acne treatments due to its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Anti-Aging: Pyruvic acid can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by promoting cell turnover.
• Metabolic Importance: It is a key intermediate in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Common Uses of Pyruvic Acid

Skincare Products

Pyruvic acid is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and skin-renewing properties. Common applications include:

• Chemical Peels: To exfoliate the skin and promote cell turnover, typically used in concentrations from 20% to 50%.
• Acne Treatments: To help unclog pores and reduce acne.
• Anti-Aging Products: To promote smoother and more youthful skin by reducing signs of aging.

Pharmaceuticals

Pyruvic acid has applications in pharmaceuticals, where it can be used for its metabolic properties. Common uses include:

• Metabolic Studies: To study energy metabolism in cells and tissues.
• Supplement Formulations: In some cases, as part of a supplement for its metabolic significance.

Product Specifications

• Chemical Formula: C3H4O3
• CAS No: 127-17-3
• Product Type: Organic acid
• Usage: Skincare, pharmaceuticals, metabolic research
• Purity: Typically 95–99%
• Shelf Life: Varies based on storage conditions

Storage and Handling

Store pyruvic acid in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Keep it away from direct sunlight and heat to maintain quality and stability.

L-Glutathione is a naturally occurring tripeptide composed of three amino acids: glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It is a powerful antioxidant found in cells throughout the body and plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress, detoxifying harmful substances, and supporting the immune system. L-Glutathione is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products for its skin-brightening and anti-aging properties.

Benefits of L-Glutathione

• Antioxidant Properties: L-Glutathione helps neutralize free radicals, protecting cells from oxidative damage and promoting cell health.
• Skin Brightening: It is used in skincare products for its ability to reduce hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone.
• Detoxification: L-Glutathione aids in detoxifying harmful substances in the body, supporting liver function.
• Anti-Aging: It can help reduce the signs of aging by protecting cells from damage and promoting cellular repair.
• Immune Support: L-Glutathione supports the immune system by enhancing the activity of white blood cells.

Common Uses of L-Glutathione

Skincare Products

L-Glutathione is commonly used in skincare products for its antioxidant and skin-brightening properties. Common applications and recommended usage percentages include:

• Skin Brightening Creams: To reduce hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone, typically used at 0.5–2%.
• Anti-Aging Serums: To reduce signs of aging and promote a youthful appearance.
• Face Masks: To provide a boost of antioxidants and brighten the skin.

Dietary Supplements

L-Glutathione is also used in dietary supplements for its detoxifying and immune-supporting properties. Common applications include:

• Antioxidant Supplements: To boost the body's natural antioxidant levels.
• Detoxification Support: To aid in the body's natural detoxification processes.

Product Specifications

• Chemical Formula: C10H17N3O6S
• CAS No: 70-18-8
• Product Type: Tripeptide
• Usage: Skincare, dietary supplements
• Purity: Typically 95–99%
• Shelf Life: 2 years or more, depending on storage conditions

Storage and Handling

Store L-Glutathione in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Keep it away from direct sunlight to maintain its quality and stability.

Ferulic acid is a natural antioxidant found in various plant sources, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and seeds. It belongs to the class of hydroxycinnamic acids and has garnered significant interest for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-aging properties. Ferulic acid is commonly used in cosmetics and skincare products to protect against free radicals, enhance the stability of other antioxidants, and support skin health.

Characteristics of Ferulic Acid

• Chemical Formula: C10H10O4
• Appearance: White to yellowish powder or crystalline solid
• Odor: Mild or odorless
• Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in water
• Source: Naturally found in plant cell walls; can be synthetically produced

Benefits of Ferulic Acid

• Antioxidant Properties: Ferulic acid helps neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and protecting skin from damage.
• Stabilization of Other Antioxidants: It can enhance the stability and effectiveness of other antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E.
• Anti-Aging Effects: Ferulic acid's antioxidant properties can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by protecting skin from environmental stressors.
• Anti-Inflammatory Properties: It has anti-inflammatory effects, which may help calm irritated skin.
• Skin Protection: Ferulic acid can provide some level of UV protection, aiding in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage.

Common Uses of Ferulic Acid

Skincare Products

Ferulic acid is widely used in skincare products for its antioxidant and anti-aging properties. Common applications and recommended usage percentages include:

• Serums: To provide antioxidant benefits and boost the stability of other antioxidants, typically used at 0.5–2%.
• Anti-Aging Products: To reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and promote youthful skin.
• Sunscreens: To enhance UV protection and provide additional antioxidant support.

Cosmetics

Ferulic acid is also used in cosmetic products for its stabilizing and protective properties. It is often found in:

• Foundations: To provide antioxidant benefits and improve skin health.
• BB Creams and CC Creams: To add antioxidant properties and improve product stability.

Product Specifications

• Chemical Formula: C10H10O4
• CAS No: 537-98-4
• Product Type: Antioxidant
• Usage: Skincare, cosmetics
• Purity: Typically 95–99%
• Shelf Life: 2 years or more, depending on storage conditions

Storage and Handling

Store ferulic acid in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Keep it away from direct sunlight and heat to maintain its quality and stability.

Mandelic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds. It is widely used in skincare products due to its exfoliating, anti-bacterial, and anti-aging properties. Mandelic acid is known for its gentle exfoliation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types and effective for treating various skin concerns, such as acne, hyperpigmentation, and signs of aging.

Characteristics of Mandelic Acid

• Chemical Formula: C9H10O3
• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Odor: Odorless
• Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol
• Source: Derived from bitter almonds and other sources; can be synthetically produced

Benefits of Mandelic Acid

• Gentle Exfoliation: Mandelic acid exfoliates the skin by removing dead skin cells and promoting cell turnover, with a gentler effect compared to other AHAs.
• Anti-Bacterial Properties: It has anti-bacterial properties, making it effective for treating acne and reducing breakouts.
• Anti-Aging Effects: Mandelic acid can help reduce fine lines and wrinkles by promoting collagen production and improving skin texture.
• Brightening: It can reduce hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone.
• Suitable for Sensitive Skin: Due to its larger molecular size compared to other AHAs, mandelic acid penetrates the skin more slowly, reducing irritation and sensitivity.

Common Uses of Mandelic Acid

Skincare Products

Mandelic acid is commonly used in skincare products for its gentle exfoliating and anti-aging properties. Common applications and recommended usage percentages include:

• Chemical Peels: To exfoliate and rejuvenate the skin, typically used at 10–20%.
• Acne Treatments: To reduce acne and control breakouts.
• Anti-Aging Serums: To improve skin texture and reduce fine lines.
• Skin Brightening Products: To lighten hyperpigmentation and even out skin tone.

Hair Care Products

In hair care, mandelic acid can be used for its exfoliating properties. It may be found in:

• Scalp Treatments: To exfoliate the scalp and reduce dandruff.

Product Specifications

• Chemical Formula: C9H10O3
• CAS No: 90-64-2
• Product Type: Alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA)
• Usage: Skincare, hair care
• Purity: Typically 95–99%
• Shelf Life: 2 years or more, depending on storage conditions

Storage and Handling

Store mandelic acid in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Keep away from direct sunlight and heat to maintain its quality and stability.

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a synthetic chemical compound derived from acetic acid. It is a colorless to light brown crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in water. TCA has a wide range of applications in various industries, including as a chemical intermediate, a laboratory reagent, and a key component in cosmetic and dermatological procedures, notably chemical peels.

Benefits of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)

• Chemical Peels: TCA is used in dermatology and cosmetics for medium to deep chemical peels, helping to exfoliate the skin and stimulate cell regeneration.
• Protein Precipitation: It has strong protein-precipitating properties, useful in laboratory applications.
• Versatility: It can be used for various applications, from industrial to medical.

Common Uses of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA)

Chemical Peels

Trichloroacetic acid is widely used in chemical peels to remove the outer layers of skin, promoting new cell growth and treating various skin conditions. Common applications include:

• Medium-Depth Peels: To treat acne scars, pigmentation, and sun damage, typically at concentrations of 10–35%.
• Deep Peels: For more intensive treatments, generally at concentrations over 35%.

Laboratory Applications

TCA is used in laboratories for various purposes due to its protein-precipitating properties. Common applications include:

• Protein Isolation: To precipitate proteins from solutions, commonly used in biochemistry and molecular biology.
• Reagent: As a component in laboratory reagents for different experiments.

Industrial Applications

Trichloroacetic acid has some industrial applications, such as:

• Chemical Intermediate: Used in the synthesis of other chemical compounds.
• Corrosion Testing: To evaluate the resistance of metals to corrosion.

Product Specifications

• Chemical Formula: C2HCl3O2
• CAS No: 76-03-9
• Product Type: Organic acid
• Usage: Chemical peels, laboratory, industrial
• Purity: Typically 95–99%
• Shelf Life: Varies, depending on storage conditions

Storage and Handling

Store trichloroacetic acid in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. It is corrosive, so it should be handled with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

Glycolic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugarcane and other natural sources. It is the smallest of the AHAs, allowing it to penetrate the skin easily, making it a popular ingredient in skincare and cosmetic products. Glycolic acid is valued for its exfoliating, skin-brightening, and anti-aging properties, often used in chemical peels, exfoliating cleansers, and anti-aging treatments.

Benefits of Glycolic Acid

• Exfoliation: Glycolic acid effectively removes dead skin cells, promoting cell turnover and revealing smoother, brighter skin.
• Skin Brightening: It helps even out skin tone and reduce hyperpigmentation.
• Anti-Aging: Glycolic acid can help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating collagen production.
• Acne Treatment: Its exfoliating properties can help unclog pores and reduce breakouts.
• Moisture Retention: Glycolic acid can improve skin hydration by enhancing the skin's ability to retain moisture.

Common Uses of Glycolic Acid

Skincare Products

Glycolic acid is commonly used in skincare products for its exfoliating and anti-aging properties. Common applications and recommended usage percentages include:

• Chemical Peels: To exfoliate the skin and promote cell turnover, typically used at concentrations from 10% to 50%.
• Exfoliating Cleansers: To remove dead skin cells and unclog pores.
• Anti-Aging Treatments: To reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and improve skin texture.
• Acne Treatments: To help clear pores and reduce acne.
• Moisturizers: To improve skin hydration and promote a smoother texture.

Cosmetic Products

Glycolic acid is also used in some cosmetic products for its exfoliating and brightening properties. It is often found in:

• Foundations and Primers: To promote smoother skin and improve texture.
• Face Masks: To provide exfoliation and enhance skin brightness.

Product Specifications

• Chemical Formula: C2H4O3
• CAS No: 79-14-1
• Product Type: Alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA)
• Usage: Skincare, cosmetics
• Purity: Typically 95–99%
• Shelf Life: 2 years or more, depending on storage conditions

Storage and Handling

Store glycolic acid in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. It should be handled with care, as it can be irritating to the skin and eyes in concentrated forms.

Our premium Azelaic Acid is the perfect addition to your arsenal of potent ingredients. Unleash the true potential of Azelaic Acid in your formulations and witness the unparalleled benefits it offers for achieving flawless, radiant skin.

Benefits:

1. A Marvel of Brightening: As a formulator, you'll appreciate Azelaic Acid's remarkable ability to fade dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and post-inflammatory marks. Enhance your brightening formulations and give your customers a luminous complexion they'll adore.

2. Gentle Exfoliation: Azelaic Acid gently exfoliates the skin's surface, promoting the natural shedding of dead skin cells. This ensures a smoother and more even skin texture, making it ideal for formulations catering to all skin types.

3. Acne Control Expertise: Formulate products that effectively target acne-prone skin. Azelaic Acid's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties help combat acne-causing bacteria, reducing blemishes and preventing future breakouts.

4. Redness Relief: Your formulations can now address redness and irritation, as Azelaic Acid soothes inflamed skin, calming redness, and promoting a more balanced complexion.

5. Antioxidant Powerhouse: Elevate your antioxidant-rich products with Azelaic Acid's ability to neutralize free radicals. Shield your customers' skin from environmental stressors and support their skin's overall health.

How to Use:

As a formulator, you play a crucial role in ensuring the successful integration of Azelaic Acid into your formulations. Follow these guidelines for optimal results:

1. Recommended Concentration: Utilize Azelaic Acid at concentrations between 5% to 10% for its potent yet gentle effects on the skin.

2. pH Balancing Act: Maintain a pH level between 3.5 to 5.0 in your formulations to ensure Azelaic Acid remains stable and effective.

3. Patch Testing: Prior to releasing your formulations, conduct comprehensive patch tests to ensure compatibility and minimize the risk of adverse reactions.

4. Versatile Formulations: Azelaic Acid can be incorporated into various skincare products, including serums, creams, lotions, and spot treatments. Tailor the concentration based on the product's purpose and target audience.

5. Clear Usage Instructions: On the product labels, provide clear usage instructions for customers, advising them to apply your Azelaic Acid-infused product once or twice daily, depending on the product's formulation.

Dosage and Dissolving:

To achieve the recommended concentration, dissolve Azelaic Acid powder in a water-based solvent, such as propylene glycol or glycerin. Aim for a 5% to 10% concentration and ensure complete dissolution before incorporating it into your formulation.

With Azelaic Acid as your secret weapon, you can create groundbreaking skincare formulations that elevate your brand and satisfy your customers' desires for flawless and radiant skin.

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide found in the human body, particularly in connective tissues, skin, and eyes. It is renowned for its remarkable ability to retain moisture, making it a highly sought-after ingredient in skincare and cosmetic formulations for its hydrating and anti-aging benefits.

INCI Name:

Hyaluronic Acid

CAS Number:

9004-61-9

Chemical Formula:

(C14H21NO11)n

Uses:

1. Moisturizing Agent: Known for its exceptional moisture retention properties, HA can hold up to 1000 times its weight in water, providing intense hydration to the skin.
2. Anti-Aging: Helps to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by plumping the skin.
3. Wound Healing: Promotes faster healing of wounds and can be used in medical applications.
4. Lubrication: Used in eye drops to provide moisture and lubrication.
5. Volume and Elasticity: Enhances skin volume and elasticity, giving a more youthful appearance.

Applications:

• Skin Care Products: Serums, creams, lotions, and masks.
• Hair Care Products: Shampoos, conditioners, and treatments.
• Eye Care: Eye drops for lubrication and moisture.
• Injectable Fillers: Used in aesthetic medicine as dermal fillers.

Usage Guidelines:

• Concentration: Typically used at concentrations between 0.1% and 2% in skincare products.
• Solubility: Soluble in water, forming a gel-like substance.
• pH Range: Effective in formulations with a pH range of 3 to 8.

Formulation Tips:

1. Hydration: Ensure HA is fully hydrated in water before incorporating it into the formulation to achieve maximum efficacy.
2. Combination with Other Ingredients: Can be combined with other humectants like glycerin and sodium PCA to enhance moisturizing effects.
3. Stability: Incorporate HA towards the end of the formulation process to avoid degradation from heat or extreme pH levels.

Additional Information:

• Molecular Weight Variations: Available in various molecular weights (low, medium, high), each providing different benefits. Low molecular weight penetrates deeper for better hydration, while high molecular weight forms a protective film on the skin's surface.
• Appearance: White powder or granules that dissolve in water to form a clear, viscous solution.
• Origin: Can be sourced from animal tissues (e.g., rooster combs) or produced via bacterial fermentation for vegan formulations.

Safety:

• Biocompatibility: Naturally occurring in the body, making it highly biocompatible and non-irritating.
• Hypoallergenic: Generally considered safe for all skin types, including sensitive skin.

CAS: 79-33-4 (general 50-21-5)

Lactic Acid, specifically the L(+) Lactic Acid form, is a natural ingredient frequently employed as a gentler alternative to glycolic acid in cosmetic formulations. Belonging to the family of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), it has demonstrated the ability to enhance skin texture, tone, and overall appearance by accelerating cell renewal.

Commonly used as a natural pH adjuster in formulations, Lactic Acid is derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates, ensuring it is free from bovine, ovine, or caprine materials.

It's important to note that Lactic Acid should not be applied directly onto the skin, especially in a concentrated form like Lactic Acid 90%, as it is highly acidic and can cause severe burns, blistering, and peeling if misused. Professional guidance is strongly recommended when considering its use, especially for chemical peels.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has approved the use of Lactic Acid at concentrations of 10% or less in formulations, maintaining a final pH no lower than 3.5. Products containing AHAs, including Lactic Acid, must be labeled appropriately to address potential sun sensitivity issues. The FDA mandates specific labeling for such products, emphasizing the importance of sun protection when using them. Access to the FDA document "USFDA on Labeling for Topically Applied Cosmetics Containing Alpha Hydroxy Acids as Ingredients" is provided for further information.

The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) for Lactic Acid is simply Lactic Acid.

Typical Usage Percentage: 1 - 5%
Appearance: Colorless syrupy liquid
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol and glycerol

Salicylic Acid, a highly pure organic beta hydroxy acid (BHA) (> 99.9%), is well-known for its antiseptic properties, keratolytic (skin peeling) capabilities, anti-dandruff effects, and its efficacy in dissolving acne and purifying pores.

In adherence to FDA regulations, the use of Salicylic Acid in cosmetics on the skin should not exceed 2.00%, while for dandruff-eliminating shampoos or hair products, the concentration should not surpass 3.00%. If applied in higher concentrations, it is essential to operate under the supervision of a physician or register the product as a medicine.

It's important to note that Salicylic Acid, in its standard powder form, does not dissolve in water.

Usage: Intended for products targeting acne treatment, skin exfoliation, and dandruff treatment.

Mixing method: Blend with Propylene Glycol, Butylene Glycol, or alcohol.

Recommended usage Percentage: 0.1-3% (FDA permits up to 2.00% for skincare products and 3.00% for dandruff hair shampoos or rinse-off products).

Product characteristics: Manifests as a white powder.

Solubility: Incapable of dissolving in water. It is advisable to dissolve it in Isopentyldiol, a solvent with superior capacity for dissolving Salicylic Acid, at a proportion of approximately 25%.

Storage: Store at room temperature, ensuring that the bottle is properly sealed and shielded from direct sunlight or heat. The product remains viable for at least 5 years.

INCI: A. Salicylic Acid.

Vitamin C, 100% L-Ascorbic Acid, FCC, Ultrafine powder, is a water-soluble antioxidant with exceptional properties. Vitamin C, or L-ascorbic acid, is a powerful naturally occurring antioxidant that plays a crucial role in preventing dry skin, reducing wrinkles, promoting collagen synthesis, and facilitating skin regeneration. Ascorbate is present in all layers of the skin, with a higher concentration in the epidermis than the dermis. However, exposure to UV light can deplete cutaneous tissue stores of ascorbate by about two-thirds.

Biochemically, the body relies on ascorbate in the collagen biosynthetic pathway, where it serves as a cofactor for two enzymes, lysyl and prolyl hydroxylases. These enzymes, dependent on iron, benefit from Vitamin C's ability to prevent iron oxidation, ensuring the sustained activity of hydroxylases and thereby maintaining collagen production.

The topical application of Vitamin C has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, primarily through mechanisms that support collagen production, resulting in improved skin texture. Additionally, Vitamin C has been proven to lessen the severity of sunburns and age spots, further showcasing its dermatological benefits.

INCI: Ascorbic Acid.

HOW TO USE: The difficulty for the cosmetic formulator is that L-Ascorbic Acid is very unstable in aqueous solutions, as it starts to oxidize immediately, gradually producing color changes (orange/brown shift) and a reduction in activity as it converts to dehydroascorbic acid. For cosmetic use, it is best stabilized in an anhydrous lipid or silicone base, although some have reported increased stability with the use of Ferulic Acid as part of aqueous formulations. This product is an ultrafine powder, ready to use in anhydrous formulations without further grinding. 

Typical usage Percentage: 1-20%
Appearance: Ultrafine white crystalline powder
pH (5% solution): 2.2 - 2.5
Solubility: Freely soluble in water (approx. 30g/100ml), sparingly soluble in absolute ethanol (2g/100ml), insoluble in fats and lipids.

CAS No.: 50-81-7