CAS: 79-33-4 (general 50-21-5)
Lactic Acid, specifically the L(+) Lactic Acid form, is a natural ingredient frequently employed as a gentler alternative to glycolic acid in cosmetic formulations. Belonging to the family of alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), it has demonstrated the ability to enhance skin texture, tone, and overall appearance by accelerating cell renewal.
Commonly used as a natural pH adjuster in formulations, Lactic Acid is derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates, ensuring it is free from bovine, ovine, or caprine materials.
It's important to note that Lactic Acid should not be applied directly onto the skin, especially in a concentrated form like Lactic Acid 90%, as it is highly acidic and can cause severe burns, blistering, and peeling if misused. Professional guidance is strongly recommended when considering its use, especially for chemical peels.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has approved the use of Lactic Acid at concentrations of 10% or less in formulations, maintaining a final pH no lower than 3.5. Products containing AHAs, including Lactic Acid, must be labeled appropriately to address potential sun sensitivity issues. The FDA mandates specific labeling for such products, emphasizing the importance of sun protection when using them. Access to the FDA document "USFDA on Labeling for Topically Applied Cosmetics Containing Alpha Hydroxy Acids as Ingredients" is provided for further information.
The International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) for Lactic Acid is simply Lactic Acid.
Typical Usage Percentage: 1 - 5%
Appearance: Colorless syrupy liquid
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol and glycerol