Polysorbate 20, also known as Tween 20, is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from sorbitol, ethylene oxide, and lauric acid. It is widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products due to its excellent solubilizing, emulsifying, and stabilizing properties.
INCI Name:
Polysorbate 20
CAS Number:
9005-64-5
Chemical Formula:
C58H114O26
Uses:
- Emulsifier: Facilitates the blending of oil and water-based ingredients, creating stable emulsions.
- Solubilizer: Enhances the solubility of essential oils, fragrances, and other hydrophobic substances in water-based formulations.
- Surfactant: Reduces surface tension, aiding in the even distribution of ingredients.
- Dispersing Agent: Helps disperse and stabilize pigments and other particulate matter in formulations.
- Stabilizer: Prevents separation and improves the shelf life of emulsions.
Applications:
- Skin Care Products: Creams, lotions, serums, cleansers, and makeup removers.
- Hair Care Products: Shampoos, conditioners, and styling products.
- Makeup: Foundations, mascaras, and other color cosmetics.
- Pharmaceuticals: Injectable formulations, oral suspensions, and topical preparations.
- Food Industry: Emulsifies ingredients in sauces, dressings, and other processed foods.
Usage Guidelines:
- Concentration: Typically used at concentrations between 0.1% and 5% in formulations, depending on the desired effect.
- Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of ingredients, including other surfactants, emulsifiers, and active ingredients.
- Incorporation: Can be added to either the oil phase or the water phase, depending on the formulation process.
Formulation Tips:
- Blending: Ensure thorough mixing to achieve a stable emulsion. Can be added at various stages of formulation, but typically added to the aqueous phase.
- Heat Sensitivity: Can withstand moderate heating but should not be exposed to prolonged high temperatures.
- pH Stability: Stable across a wide pH range, typically from 3 to 10.
- Avoid Incompatibilities: Avoid combining with high levels of electrolytes which can destabilize the emulsion.
Additional Information:
- Appearance: Yellow to amber, viscous liquid.
- Solubility: Soluble in water and alcohol; dispersible in oils.
- HLB Value: Approximately 16.7, indicating it is highly hydrophilic and suitable for oil-in-water emulsions.
- Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture.
Safety:
- Irritation: Generally considered non-irritating and safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.
- Handling: Standard protective measures (gloves, goggles) are recommended to avoid direct contact.